Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
type of planet will have a higher overall density? a. | one that forms
close to the sun | b. | one that forms far from the sun | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following planets has the shortest period of revolution? a. | Pluto | c. | Mercury | b. | Earth | d. | Jupiter | | | | |
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3.
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Which
gas in Earth’s atmosphere tells us that there is life on Earth? a. | hydrogen | c. | carbon
dioxide | b. | oxygen | d. | nitrogen | | | | |
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4.
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Which
layer of the Earth has the lowest density? a. | the core | b. | the
mantle | c. | the crust | | |
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5.
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What
is the term for the speed of gas molecules? a. | temperature | c. | gravity | b. | pressure | d. | force | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following objects is LEAST likely to have a spherical shape? a. | a
comet | c. | the
sun | b. | Venus | d. | Jupiter | | | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following is most likely to cause a nebula to begin collapsing? a. | convection
within the nebula | c. | energy radiated
from planetesimals | b. | the explosion of a nearby star | d. | loss of gravity | | | | |
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8.
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A
planet with a large ____ has a long period of revolution. a. | mass | c. | orbit | b. | Kepler factor | d. | surface area | | | | |
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9.
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In a
young solar system, new materials are added to planets by a. | nuclear
fusion. | c. | impacts of
smaller objects. | b. | primitive life-forms. | d. | convection in planet layers. | | | | |
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10.
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Objects in space are most likely to have an irregular shape if they a. | are very
dense. | c. | are moving
slowly. | b. | have little mass. | d. | have collapsed due to gravity. | | | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following keeps a nebula from collapsing in on itself? a. | volume | c. | gravity | b. | pressure | d. | temperature | | | | |
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12.
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As a
nebula cloud collapses in on itself, dust and gas particles move at a ____ the temperature at the
center of the cloud. a. | faster rate, increasing | c. | slower rate, decreasing | b. | faster rate,
decreasing | d. | slower rate,
increasing | | | | |
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13.
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Which
statement best describes gravity? a. | Gravity is weaker when objects are close
together. | b. | Gravity is stronger when objects are far
apart. | c. | Gravity is stronger when objects are close
together. | d. | Distance between objects does not affect the force of
gravity. | | |
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14.
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Eventually a collapsing nebula will become a rotating solar nebula in the shape of a
a. | sphere. | c. | square. | b. | disk. | d. | rectangle. | | | | |
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15.
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It
took nearly ____ years for the solar system to form. a. | 100 | c. | 10
million | b. | 1 million | d. | 100 million | | | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following planets collects ice in addition to gases? a. | Earth | c. | Venus | b. | Mercury | d. | Neptune | | | | |
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17.
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Which
of the following is TRUE? a. | All planets revolve around the sun in a clockwise
direction. | b. | Not all planets rotate in the same
direction. | c. | One revolution causes Earth's days and
nights. | d. | none of the above | | |
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18.
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The
motion of a planet traveling around the sun is called a. | an
orbit. | c. | a
rotation. | b. | a revolution. | d. | circling. | | | | |
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19.
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The
semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 150 million kilometers. What is the length of the major
axis? a. | 75 million
kilometers | c. | 300 million
kilometers | b. | 150 million kilometers | d. | 600 million kilometers | | | | |
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20.
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One
astronomical unit (AU) is a. | 150 million kilometers. | b. | the average
distance between the Earth and the sun. | c. | the semimajor axis of any ellipse. | d. | Both (a) and
(b) | | |
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21.
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Kepler's second law of motion states that planets travel a. | in an ellipse
around the sun. | c. | slower when they
are close to the sun. | b. | at the same speed around the
sun. | d. | faster when they
are close to the sun. | | | | |
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22.
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Using
Newton's law of universal gravitation, calculate the change in gravitational attraction between two
objects which are moved 5 times as far apart. a. | Gravitational attraction between the objects will decrease by a
factor of 5. | b. | Gravitational attraction between the objects will increase by a
factor of 10. | c. | Gravitational attraction between the objects will decrease by a
factor of 25. | d. | Gravitational attraction between the objects will increase by a
factor of 100. | | |
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23.
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The
____ is a region of the sun where hot and cooler gases circulate in convection
currents. a. | chromosphere | c. | corona | b. | photosphere | d. | convective zone | | | | |
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24.
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The
____ is a thin, red region of the sun just below the corona which is too faint to see unless there is
a total solar eclipse. a. | chromosphere | c. | radiative zone | b. | corona | d. | convective
zone | | | | |
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25.
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The
____ is where the gases get thick enough to see and is what we know as the visible surface of the
sun. a. | corona | c. | radiative
zone | b. | photosphere | d. | convective
zone | | | | |
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26.
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The
sun's energy is produced in the a. | radiative zone. | c. | corona. | b. | convective
zone. | d. | core. | | | | |
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27.
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The
____ is the outermost layer of the Earth. a. | crust | c. | skin | b. | mantle | d. | core | | | | |
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28.
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Today, Earth's atmosphere is composed mostly of a. | hydrogen. | c. | nitrogen. | b. | oxygen. | d. | argon. | | | | |
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29.
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Scientists once thought that Earth's first atmosphere was composed of
a. | hydrogen
compounds. | c. | ammonia. | b. | methane. | d. | All of the above | | | | |
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30.
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Scientists believe that the surface of the Earth was ____ when it first
formed. a. | molten
rock | c. | oceans of
water | b. | solid rock | d. | solid ice | | | | |
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31.
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Which
statement best describes solar UV light? a. | It breaks apart molecules. | b. | It decreases the
speed of molecules. | c. | It is absorbed harmlessly by the
ground. | d. | It causes molecules to glow. | | |
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32.
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Which
of the following provided Earth with the majority of oxygen that we now have in our
atmosphere? a. | comets | c. | planetesimals | b. | meteorites | d. | plants | | | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following is oldest? a. | breathable atmosphere | c. | ocean | b. | continents | d. | plants | | | | |
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34.
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Which
of the following is illustrated by arrow A? a. | orbit | c. | rotation | b. | revolution | d. | period of rotation | | | | |
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35.
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Which
of the following is illustrated by line B? a. | orbit | c. | rotation | b. | revolution | d. | period of
rotation | | | | |
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Below
is a cutaway view of the sun. Examine the diagram and answer the questions that
follow.
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36.
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Which
of the following is indicated by A? a. | photosphere | c. | corona | b. | chromosphere | d. | convective
zone | | | | |
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37.
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Which
of the following is indicated by D? a. | photosphere | c. | core | b. | chromosphere | d. | convective zone | | | | |
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38.
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Which
of the following is indicated by E? a. | photosphere | c. | core | b. | radiative zone | d. | convective zone | | | | |
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39.
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Which
of the following is indicated by F? a. | photosphere | c. | core | b. | radiative zone | d. | convective zone | | | | |
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40.
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Einstein developed an equation that changed ideas about the sun's energy source by
equating a. | mass and
energy. | c. | mass and
weight. | b. | gravity and mass. | d. | gravity and weight. | | | | |
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