Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
length of a day is based on a. | the Earth orbiting the sun. | c. | the moon orbiting the Earth. | b. | the rotation of
the Earth on its axis. | d. | the rotation of
the moon on its axis. | | | | |
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2.
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According to ____, the Earth is at the center of the universe. a. | the Ptolomaic
theory | c. | Galileo's
theory | b. | Copernicus's theory | d. | None of the above | | | | |
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3.
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The
first scientist to successfully use a telescope to observe the night sky was a. | Tycho. | c. | Herschel. | b. | Galileo. | d. | Kepler. | | | | |
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4.
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The
stars that you see in the sky depend on a. | your latitude. | c. | the time of night. | b. | the time of
year. | d. | All of the
above | | | | |
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5.
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Telescopes that work grounded on the Earth include all of the following
EXCEPT a. | radio
telescopes. | c. | X-ray
telescopes. | b. | refracting telescopes. | d. | reflecting telescopes. | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following is true about X ray and radio radiation from objects in space? a. | Both types of
radiation can be observed with the same telescope. | b. | Separate
telescopes are needed to observe each type of radiation, and both telescopes can be on
Earth. | c. | Separate telescopes are needed to observe each type of
radiation, and both telescopes must be in space. | d. | Separate
telescopes are needed to observe each type of radiation, but only one of the telescopes must be in
space. | | |
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7.
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An
advantage of reflecting telescopes over refracting telescopes is that a. | flaws in the
glass do not affect the incoming light. | b. | mirrors only reflect certain colors of light for better
focus. | c. | mirror sizes are all the same for ease of
use. | d. | they use lenses
to focus light. | | |
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8.
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Circumpolar stars can be seen all night long during the entire year because they
are a. | the brightest
stars. | c. | magnetically
polar. | b. | above the Earth's axes. | d. | circular in appearance. | | | | |
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9.
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Which
of these would be shorter if Earth rotated faster? a. | years | c. | weeks | b. | months | d. | days | | | | |
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10.
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Copernicus’s theory was unpopular when he first proposed it because he stated
that the sun was a. | the center of
the solar system. | c. | a source of
energy. | b. | an average star. | d. | about 93 million miles away. | | | | |
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11.
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The
vernal equinox is used to establish a star’s a. | zenith. | c. | declination. | b. | distance from
Earth. | d. | right
ascension. | | | | |
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12.
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The
calendar used most widely today was first developed by the a. | Arabs. | c. | Chinese. | b. | Romans. | d. | Mayans. | | | | |
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13.
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Most
calendars organize time within a single unit called a a. | day. | c. | month. | b. | week. | d. | year. | | | | |
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14.
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Ancient ____ cultures had a very complex calendar system that linked cycles of the
sun, the moon, and Venus. a. | Mayan | c. | Chinese | b. | Egyptian | d. | Hebrew | | | | |
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15.
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Ancient ____ cultures based their calendar on the moon and the sun. The number of
months in their calendar alternated each year between 12 and 13 months. a. | Chinese | c. | Mayan | b. | Egyptian | d. | Hebrew | | | | |
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16.
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Ancient ____ cultures based their calendar on the sun, with twelve 30-day months and
one 5-day month at the end of the year. a. | Hebrew | c. | Chinese | b. | Egyptian | d. | Mayan | | | | |
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17.
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Ancient ____ cultures made calendars as early as the fourteenth century B.C. based on the
moon's phases and positions in the sky. a. | Mayan | c. | Chinese | b. | Egyptian | d. | Hebrew | | | | |
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18.
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Our
modern calendar began with the early ____ calendar, which had exactly 365 days in a year and 7 days
in a week. a. | Roman | c. | Hebrew | b. | Greek | d. | Chinese | | | | |
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19.
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If
the Julian calendar began in 45 B.C., and the Gregorian calendar modified the Julian calendar in the year
1582, how long was the original Julian calendar used? a. | 1627
years | c. | 1537
years | b. | 1582 years | d. | 45 years | | | | |
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20.
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The
longest day of the year occurs on the day of the a. | vernal equinox. | c. | summer solstice. | b. | autumnal
equinox. | d. | winter
solstice. | | | | |
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21.
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Some
of the stones at ____ are aligned with the sunrise during the winter and summer
solstices. a. | Caracól at
Chichén Itzá | c. | Silbury
Hill | b. | Stonehenge | d. | Athens | | | | |
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22.
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Ancient ____ cultures could predict eclipses as early as 1000 B.C.
a. | Babylonian
| c. | Greek | b. | Chinese | d. | Arab | | | | |
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23.
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____
successfully explained why the phases of the moon and eclipses occur, and correctly argued that Earth
is a sphere. a. | Aristotle | c. | Newton | b. | Copernicus | d. | Ptolemy | | | | |
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24.
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Ancient ____ cultures had complex systems of mathematics and astronomy, which enabled
them to erect buildings that aligned with celestial bodies. a. | Mayan | c. | Chinese | b. | Greek | d. | Arab | | | | |
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25.
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Ancient ____ cultures invented the astrolabe, algebra, and the number system that we
use today. a. | Chinese | c. | Greek | b. | Babylonian | d. | Arab | | | | |
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26.
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____
recorded very precise observations of the planets and stars using a mural quadrant. a. | Galileo
Galilei | c. | Tycho
Brahe | b. | Isaac Newton | d. | Johannes Kepler | | | | |
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27.
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____
stated that all the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits and that the sun is not in
the exact center of the orbits. a. | Isaac Newton | c. | Johannes Kepler | b. | Tycho
Brahe | d. | Galileo
Galilei | | | | |
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28.
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____
was the first person to see craters and mountains on the moon and sunspots on the
sun. a. | Tycho
Brahe | c. | Johannes
Kepler | b. | Galileo Galilei | d. | Isaac Newton | | | | |
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29.
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In
astronomy, ____ is the angle between an object in the sky and the horizon. a. | zenith | c. | declination | b. | altitude | d. | right ascension | | | | |
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30.
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Which
of the following always has an altitude of 90°? a. | horizon | c. | declination | b. | zenith | d. | right ascension | | | | |
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31.
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The
____ is the line where the sky and the Earth appear to meet. a. | declination | c. | horizon | b. | zenith | d. | right ascension | | | | |
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32.
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Which
of the following depends on where you are and when you look? a. | celestial
sphere | c. | celestial
equator | b. | right ascension | d. | altitude | | | | |
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33.
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____
is a measure of how far east an object is from the point at which the sun appears on the first day of
spring. a. | Horizon | c. | Declination | b. | Right ascension | d. | Altitude | | | | |
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34.
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Which
of the following does NOT depend on where you are and when you look? a. | celestial
sphere | c. | altitude | b. | horizon | d. | constellation positions | | | | |
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35.
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The
____ surrounds the Earth and is what we look through when we observe the sky. a. | ecliptic | c. | altitude | b. | horizon | d. | celestial sphere | | | | |
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36.
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The
____ is an imaginary circle created by extending the Earth's equator into space. a. | celestial
equator | c. | right
ascension | b. | declination | d. | celestial sphere | | | | |
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37.
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Which
of the of the following is measured in degrees north or south of the equator? a. | altitude | c. | right
ascension | b. | declination | d. | zenith | | | | |
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38.
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Which
of the of the following is measured in hours east of the vernal equinox? a. | celestial
equator | c. | right
ascension | b. | declination | d. | celestial sphere | | | | |
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39.
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The
point at which the sun appears on the first day of spring is called the a. | winter
solstice. | c. | vernal
equinox. | b. | summer solstice. | d. | autumnal equinox. | | | | |
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Examine the diagram of the stars in the constellation Orion and answer the questions
that follow.
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40.
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Star
1 is approximately ____ from Earth. a. | 200 light years | c. | 600 light years | b. | 400 light
years | d. | 800 light
years | | | | |
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41.
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The
farthest star in Orion's belt is approximately ____ from Earth. a. | 600 light
years | c. | 1,300 light
years | b. | 800 light years | d. | 1,500 light years | | | | |
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42.
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A(n)
____ telescope's size is limited by the objective lens. a. | X
ray | c. | reflecting | b. | gamma ray | d. | refracting | | | | |
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43.
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Which
place would be best for an astronomer to observe the sky and take measurements? a. | Los
Angeles | c. | Chicago | b. | New York City | d. | a mountaintop | | | | |
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44.
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Why
do astronomers often place telescopes on mountaintops? a. | These areas have
less atmosphere. | c. | These areas have
fewer city lights. | b. | These areas have thinner air. | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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45.
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Which
of the following always has an altitude of 0°? a. | zenith | c. | horizon | b. | ecliptic | d. | right ascension | | | | |
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46.
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Which
telescope uses a set of lenses to gather and focus light? a. | refracting
telescope | c. | diffracting
telescope | b. | reflecting telescope | d. | compound telescope | | | | |
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Suppose a star is located at point X in the diagram below. Examine the diagram
and answer the questions that follow.
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47.
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What
does A represent? a. | celestial equator | c. | declination | b. | right
ascension | d. | ecliptic | | | | |
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48.
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What
does B represent? a. | North celestial pole | c. | declination | b. | right
ascension | d. | altitude | | | | |
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49.
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What
does C represent? a. | summer solstice | c. | vernal equinox | b. | winter
solstice | d. | autumn
equinox | | | | |
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50.
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What
does D represent? a. | declination | c. | zenith | b. | right
ascension | d. | ecliptic | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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51.
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Ursa
Minor and Microscopium are examples of ____________________. (constellations or
telescopes)
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52.
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A
____________________ is a unit of distance equal to the distance that light travels through space in
one year.
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Short Answer
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53.
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Name
one way in which refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes are similar and one way they are
different.
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54.
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a. Make two lists—one for electromagnetic
wavelengths that commonly penetrate Earth's atmosphere and one for other
wavelengths.
b. Which wavelengths can astronomers detect from
Earth?
c. How do astronomers detect each
wavelength?
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Examine the sky map below, and answer the questions that follow. (Hint: the star
Aldebaran is located at about 4 hr 30 min right ascension, 16 degrees
declination.)
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55.
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What
object is located at 5 hr 55 min, right ascension, and 7 degrees declination?
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56.
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The
celestial sphere is divided into 24 equal north-south lines called hour lines. How many degrees does
the space between two adjacent hour lines represent? Show your work.
(Hint: A sphere
is 360º.)
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